【题目】 “Fighting like cats and dogs” is a common phrase that people use to mean people argue, fright or don’t get along. If you like cartoons, you’ve probably seen many that describe cats and dogs fighting like sworn enemies (不共戴天的仇敌). There have even been movies made that describe cats against dogs.
As with many questions in life, there’s simply no easy answer to the question of whether dogs and cats can get along. Dogs and cats are different in many ways that can make it difficult for them to get along. However, with patience and the right circumstances, cats and dogs can be best buds (兄弟).
For example, dogs tend to be social animals that are naturally playful. Cats, on the other hand, tend to be more independent. A dog that wants to play might seem aggressive and frightening to a cat. This may lead the cat to defend itself against an attack although that’s really just a desire to play. Similarly, dogs—especially puppies—like to chase each other. It’s a fun game. Chasing cats can be just as fun as chasing other dogs. Again, cats may interpret such playful behavior as a threat.
Even there’s something dogs and cats have in common, tails, but tails can make things confusing. When dog wags (摇摆) its tail, it’s sending a friendly message: “I’m happy. Let’s play.” Cats, however, wag their tails when they are angry. You can see how this might lead cats and dogs to become confused if they’re facing each other with wagging tails!
Although dogs and cats aren’t really sworn enemies dogs are hunters by nature. This means that they might hunt and chase anything that moves-including a cat. This natural behavior that could cause problems between dogs and cats can be controlled by special training called socialization when the animals meet for the first time.
【1】By saying “fighting like cats and dogs”, parents most probably mean that ________.
A.they like neither cats nor dogs
B.their kids don’t get on well with each other
C.cats and dogs fight like sworn enemies
D.the fights between cats and dogs are often made into movies
【2】What may happen when dogs are chasing cats?
A.Dogs become tired out. B.Cats are very happy.
C.Dogs feel enjoyable. D.Cats get injured easily.
【3】Which of the following may be one of the reasons that dogs and cats fight often?
A.They couldn’t understand each other. B.They are worried about their behaviors.
C.They enjoy exactly the same hobbies. D.They wag their tails too often.
【4】What can be inferred from the passage?
A.Dogs are good at hunting animals.
B.Dogs don’t like cats naturally.
C.Cats usually like playing with dogs.
D.Dogs and cats can possibly live in harmony.
【答案】
【1】B
【2】C
【3】A
【4】D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。人们常说“像猫和狗一样争斗不休。”其实，多点耐心，加上合适的环境，猫和狗是可以成为好兄弟的。
【1】
细节理解题。由全文第一句“Fighting like cats and dogs” is a common phrase that people use to mean people argue, fright or don’t get along. 可知，“像猫和狗一样争斗不休”是人们常常用来指那些争吵不休，相处不融洽的人的，若父母说自己的孩子“Fighting like cats and dogs”，就是说孩子们相处不融洽。故选B。
【2】
细节理解题。由第三段“Similarly, dogs—especially puppies—like to chase each other. It’s a fun game. Chasing cats can be just as fun as chasing other dogs. ”狗，尤其是小狗，喜欢互相追逐。对狗来说，这就是个好玩的游戏。追赶猫也就像追赶其他狗一样好玩。由此可知，当狗感到愉快时，狗会追赶猫。故选C。
【3】
推理判断题。综合第三段For example, dogs tend to be social animals that are naturally playful. Cats, on the other hand, tend to be more independent.和第四段Even there’s something dogs and cats have in common, tails, but tails can make things confusing.可知，猫和狗在社交天性和摇摆尾巴表达情绪上都是天生不同的。即它们之间的不睦是因它们很难彼此理解引起的。故选A。
【4】
推理判断题。最后一句话“This natural behavior that could cause problems between dogs and cats can be controlled by special training called “ when the animals meet for the first time.”这种引起猫和狗之间麻烦的自然行为，可以通过在这两种动物初次见面是进行名为“社会化”的专门训练得到控制，它们也可以和睦相处。由此推知，狗和猫可能和睦相处。故选D。
掌握文体的特征有利于准确理解语篇。说明文是用于对客观事物做出说明或对抽象事理进行阐释，以知授人。其文体特点是以说明为主要表达方式，中心突出，语言确切，实用性强。常见说明方法：举例子、列数字、打比方、作比较、下定义、分类别、做解释、列图表、摹状貌、引言论等。说明文的说明顺序有：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序。说明文的常见结构：并列式、承接式、递进式、总分式。
例如本篇文章开头引出话题：狗和猫能和睦相处吗？后文采用了举例子、作比较、分类别、做解释等说明方式和总分式结构，按逻辑猫顺序进行说明。所以，解题时通过抓住中心，理清逻辑，可以透彻理解这篇文章说明的中心，得出文章所提出问题的答案：猫和狗天生不同，它们之间的不睦，是因它们按各自的天性很难彼此理解引起的；通过在这两种动物初次见面时进行社会化的专门训练，它们可以和睦相处。
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