【题目】 As people age, the body changes in all sorts of predictable ways. Brains can slow. Wounds take longer to recover. And sleep patterns (模式) shift, too. This can come as news to many, says Michael V. Vitiello, a psychologist at the University of Washington who is expert in sleep in aging.
The most noticeable—and often most annoying—changes are how sleep and wake-up times change and sleep gets lighter, often beginning in middle age. Gone are weekend sleep to 11 a.m. and the ability to sleep through a noisy garbage truck down the block. Older drivers take longer to fall asleep, and they wake up more often. They tend to stay in the deepest stages of sleep for less time than younger adults.
Studies have found that poor sleep can create a particular threat to older adults—Falls, depression and anxiety, problems with memory, and increased suicide (自杀) risk are among the effects of sleep issues in this population group that researchers have found. But scientists are still unsure why those risk connections exist.
What is clear is the connection between good sleep and psychological well-being in older adults. A 2010 study showed us that connection when it came to sleep quality, but sleep quantity didn't show the same effects.
Experts say this may be the key to understanding sleep as you age. If you're sleeping less, but don't feel negative effects out of bed, the changes you notice may just be normal age-related. If you experience a sudden change in your sleep, or poor sleep is affecting your daily life, changing your personality, or your bedmate says you stop breathing when you snore, that could be a sign of something more serious and it's worth visiting your doctor.
【1】What is one of the changes in sleep patterns with aging?
A.People tend to wake up later. B.People sleep more at weekends.
C.People take longer to fall asleep. D.People stay longer in deep sleep.
【2】What will probably happen if the elderly have poor sleep?
A.They may threaten others. B.They may become anxious.
C.They may have better memory. D.They may be unaware of their risks.
【3】What does the 2010 study imply?
A.Both sleep quality and quantity matter with aging.
B.Sleep quantity is the key to older people's mental health.
C.Sleeping well is good for older people's psychological health.
D.The relationship between quality and quantity is not yet clear.
【4】What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Bedtime pattern changes as people age.
B.Poor sleep is more dangerous for older adults.
C.Bedtime pattern changes are not a sign of trouble.
D.People's body changes in different ways with aging.
【答案】
【1】C
【2】B
【3】C
【4】A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了睡眠模式随着年龄增长而发生改变，睡眠不足会对老年人产生消极影响。
【1】
细节理解题。由第二段中的“Older drivers take longer to fall asleep, and they wake up more often. They tend to stay in the deepest stages of sleep for less time than younger adults.”（高龄驾驶人入睡时间较长，而且醒得更频繁。与年轻人相比，他们在睡眠最深阶段停留的时间要短。）可知随着年龄的增长，人们需要更长的时间才能入睡。故选C项。
【2】
推理判断题。由第三段中的“Studies have found that poor sleep can create a particular threat to older adults—Falls, depression and anxiety, problems with memory, and increased suicide (自杀) risk are among the effects of sleep issues in this population group that researchers have found.”（研究人员发现，睡眠不足会对老年人造成特别的威胁，跌倒、抑郁和焦虑、记忆力问题和自杀风险增加。）和第四段中的“What is clear is the connection between good sleep and psychological well-being in older adults. A 2010 study showed us that connection when it came to sleep quality, but sleep quantity didn't show the same effects.”（显而易见的是，老年人的良好睡眠与心理健康之间有联系。2010年的一项研究表明，心理健康与睡眠质量之间存在着联系，但睡眠数量并没有表现出同样的影响。）可推断出如果老年人睡眠不好，他们可能会变得焦虑。故选B项。
【3】
推理判断题。由第四段中的“What is clear is the connection between good sleep and psychological well-being in older adults. A 2010 study showed us that connection when it came to sleep quality, but sleep quantity didn't show the same effects.”（显而易见的是，老年人的良好睡眠与心理健康之间有联系。2010年的一项研究表明，心理健康与睡眠质量之间存在着联系，但睡眠数量并没有表现出同样的影响。）可推断出睡好觉有利于老年人的心理健康。故选C项。
【4】
主旨大意题。由第一段中的“As people age, the body changes in all sorts of predictable ways. Brains can slow. Wounds take longer to recover. And sleep patterns (模式) shift, too.”（随着年龄的增长，身体会以各种可预测的方式发生变化。大脑会变慢。伤口需要更长时间才能恢复。睡眠模式也会改变。）可知文章讲述了睡眠模式随着年龄增长而发生改变，A项符合文意。故选A项。
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2021-12-22
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2021-12-22